The black hole complementarity principle is a conjectured solution to the black hole information loss paradox. In this talk, we will explore how the complementarity principle can emerge in a way that is consistent with quantum information theory via explicit microscopic models that preserve unitarity and a local semi-classical description of the black hole horizon. In particular, we will consider simple toy models where simple quantum systems are coupled to a black hole and show how the initial state of the quantum system is encoded both into the late-time quantum trajectory of the quantum system as well as the late-time (non-linear) ringdown of the black hole. Such models provide insights into how information can be encoded in the interior and exterior of black holes without encountering paradoxes.